Duration is the length of time for any breastfeeding, including breastfeeding through the initial stage of exclusive breastfeeding and any period of complementary feeding until weaning 3,6. Exclusive breastfeeding has been recognised as an important public health tool for the primary prevention of child morbidity and mortality. Defining exclusive breastfeeding in australia binns. There are internationally recommended terms defining breastfeeding practices which are used to guide breastfeeding data collection and reporting as described by the report indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices part i. Exclusive breastfeeding now means that the infant receives breastmilk. According to the current definitions of breastfeeding, the second baby is exclusively breastfed because the amount of breast milk determines. Exclusive definition is excluding or having power to exclude. Exclusive breastfeeding policy, practice and influences in. The first concern is that the small number of women who.
Jul 27, 2019 breastfeeding is the essential right of every newborn which is often not granted. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeed ing, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should be exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Exclusive breastfeeding means that the infant receives only breast milk. Breastfeeding policies and strategies may also target different stages of breastfeeding and different stages of infant care, known collectively as the breastfeeding continuum.
Breastfeeding trends and updated national health objectives for exclusive breastfeeding united states birth years 20002004. Review of evidence has shown that, on a population basis, exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is the optimal world health organization on exclusive. Breastfeeding definition of breastfeeding by medical. From the moment your baby is born, you give your newborn only colostrumbreastmilk and no other liquids or solids 2 formula, glucose water, infant cereal, or foods.
Introduction breastfeeding is the unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants, and has a unique biological and emotional influence on the health of both mother and child. Operationalizing the indicators 14 references 15 annex 1a. Human milk is the preferred feeding for all infants, including premature and sick newborns, with rare exceptions. There is strong research support that breast milk is the most appropriate nourishment for most infants. No other liquids or solids are given not even water with the. Definitions which presented fifteen indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. Consequently, the who and unicef have recommended exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after delivery, followed by. Breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods.
Pdf factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is the optimal way to feed infants. Once solids are introduced at or after 6 months, it is recommended that breastfeeding continue as the primary. Exclusive breastfeeding breastfeeding is an unequaled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. Oct 20, 2014 accurate measurement of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is complicated by factors related to definitions, timing, duration of recall, methods of analysis, and sample biases. This means that rates of breastfeeding are affected more.
Exclusive definition of exclusive by merriamwebster. Clearly prospective methods are likely to be more accurate but are too. Exclusive breast milk feeding is defined as a newborn receiving only breast milk and no other liquids or solids except for drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, minerals, or medicines. Fortify means adding vitamins and minerals to a food or drink. Only half the studies identified that claimed to measure exclusive breastfeeding used a definition consistent with the world health organisation.
As stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb wha55 a5515, paragraph 10. Defining exclusive breastfeeding in australia binns 2009. This curriculum was developed for use in the prenatal setting. Pdf importance of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary. Mothers may not ovulate, or have regular periods, during the entire lactation period. Breastfeeding may delay the return to fertility for some women by suppressing ovulation. Ebf forms part of a broader definition of optimal infant and young child feeding iycf practices, which also include initiation of. Clearly prospective methods are likely to be more accurate but are too expensive to use in most largescale surveys. These nutrients are major prerequisites to the health and survival of the baby. The practice of giving water together with breast milk in the first six months means the water displaces breast. The efforts of jane heinig, phd, ibclc, rlc, deborah galuska, phd, diana toomer, barbara latham, rd, ld, carol macgowan, mph, rd, ld, robin hamre, mph, rd, and members of the cdc obesity team helped make this document possible.
Breastfeeding and complementary feeding terms and definitions. When direct breastfeeding is not possible, expressed human milk, fortified when necessary for the premature infant, should be provided. Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants. December 31, 2012 page 1 breastfeeding definitions and data collection periods introduction. Exclusive breast milk feeding definition what is the definition of exclusive breastfeeding in the hospital. Furthermore, it is recommended that breastfeeding continue for at least 12 months, and thereafter for as long as mutually desired. Infant and young child feeding practices directly affect the nutritional status of children under. The early practices supporting breastfeeding are well practiced with rate of exclusive breastfeeding reaching 63. Definitions of breastfeeding carolina global breastfeeding institute. No other liquid or solid from any other source enters the infants mouth.
The infant receives human milk including expressed milk, donor milk and allows the infant to receive oral rehydration solution ors, syrups vitamins, minerals, medicines but does not allow the infant to receive anything else. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding terms and definitions exclusive breastfeeding. Jul 10, 2017 exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. The indian health service ihs, an agency within the department of health and human services, is responsible for providing federal health services to american indians and alaska natives. Exclusive breast feeding what is exclusive breast feeding.
However, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in ethiopia has been estimated at 52% which is far less. Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and it is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first 6 months after birth, according to the american academy of pediatrics. Sep 09, 20 the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for infants to survive, grow and develop properly they require the right proportion of nutrients. The world health organizations infant feeding recommendation. Clearly prospective methods are likely to be more accurate but are. This study investigates the knowledge and practice of on exclusive breast feeding ebf as a lactating amenorrhea method lam contraceptive among women currently bearing. Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research ncbi. Exclusive breastfeeding policy, practice and influences in south africa, 1980 to 2018. Feb 26, 2019 breast milk from the mother, or another lactating mother in case of unwilling mothers and royalty, has nourished, protected and helped raise babies since time immemorial. The world health organizations infant feeding recommendation as stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb wha55 a5515, paragraph 10. Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and it is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first 6 months after birth, according to the american. The best physiological window of opportunity to stimulate lactation begins immediately after delivery, in the inpatient setting.
Internationally, most surveys use a pointintime or current status measurement usually 24. In resource limited settings where poor and sub optimal breastfeeding practices frequently result to child. Full breastfeeding is either exclusive or almost exclusive the latter allowing for water, juice, and infrequently given food. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined in this study as the practice of giving the infant breast milk without any additional food or. Conclusions of a consensus meeting held 68 november 2007 in washington d.
Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding. For infants to survive, grow and develop properly they require the right proportion of nutrients. Breast milk from the mother, or another lactating mother in case of unwilling mothers and royalty, has nourished, protected and helped raise babies since. The world health organization who recommends exclusive breastfeeding for about 6 months, with continuation of breastfeeding for 1 year or longer as mutually desired by mother and infant. The exclusive breastfeeding rate and early initiation to breastfeeding are still very low, because there are many factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding such as, lack of knowledge. Partial breastfeeding is defined as either high over 80 per cent breast milk, medium, or low under 20 per cent breast milk. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life is recommended as the optimal way to feed infants. Bfhi section 2 final 14may09 world health organization. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as feeding infants only breast milk, be it directly from breast or expressed, except drops or syrups consisting of vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine. World health organization on exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusivity is a measure of the amount of breastfeeding without supplementation e. Breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients to help your infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler.
International units iu is a unit of measurement for vitamins and minerals. Benefits and challenges of exclusive breastfeeding. Internationally, most surveys use a pointintime or current status measurement usually 24hour. Exclusive breastfeeding is when a baby receives only breast milk, without any additional food or drinks, including water, until 6 months of age. Breast milk is rich in nutrients and antibodies and contains the right quantities of fat, sugar, water and protein. Exclusive breastfeeding usually delays the return of fertility through lactational amenorrhea, although it does not provide reliable birth control. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, with gradual introduction of solid foods after 6 months, is recognized as the preferred method of infant feeding. Ardythe morrow and colleagues april 10, p 12261 report the findings of a randomised controlled trial of peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding and make an important contribution to the discussions about effective methods to increase breastfeeding. Breastfeeding protects against diarrhoea and common childhood illnesses such as pneumonia, and may also have longerterm health benefits for the mother and child, such as reducing the risk of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers. In 2008, who published the document indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices.
Introduction breastfeeding is the unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants, and has a unique biological and emotional influence on. While breastfeeding beyond 6 months, a baby should receive foods. In nigeria, contraceptive use is still low though its knowledge is widespread. The basic techniques of breastfeeding most of the breastfeeding problems are caused by poor attachment of the baby to the breast. If the newborn receives any other liquids including water during the entire hospitalization, select allowable value. While breastfeeding beyond 6 months, a baby should receive foods with breast milk until the age of 2 or older. Dec 21, 2018 exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and it is sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first 6 months after birth, according to the american academy of pediatrics. Supporting breastfeeding during the hospital stay is ideal for a number of reasons. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices 1 introduction 3 a. The provision of health services to members of federallyrecognized tribes grew out of the special governmenttogovernment relationship between the federal government and indian tribes.
Duration and exclusivity are the key measures of breastfeeding patterns 25. However, we have three concerns about the generalisability of their findings. It is intended to support a mothers choice to breastfeed and to help her establish and achieve her breastfeeding. Indicators for assessing infant and young child feeding practices. The benefits of breastfeeding are physical, emotional, and economic. Because of the demonstrated benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, in 2001 the who recommended that infants should. Exclusive breastfeeding, definitions, 24 hour recall method, strict definition we read the article titled influence of exclusive. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as feeding an infant on breast milk only from birth up to the age of six months.
Accurate measurement of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is complicated by factors related to definitions, timing, duration of recall, methods of analysis, and sample biases. Exclusive breastfeeding is one of the essential actions for infant development and survival. Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of infants. Improving exclusive breastfeeding practices unicef. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding healthy newborn. Exclusive breastfeeding is defined in this study as the practice of giving the infant breast milk without any additional food or drink, including water. Definitions of indicators 6 core indicators 7 optional indicators 11 d. Breastfeeding is more than a lifestyle choice it is an important health choice. Exclusive breastfeeding means feeding your baby only breast milk, not any other foods or liquids including infant formula or water, except for medications or vitamin and mineral supplements. Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in latin america. Breastfeeding is the essential right of every newborn which is often not granted. In 2017, only about 41% of infants aged less than 6 months globally were exclusively breastfed and the rate of continued breastfeeding at 2 years was.
This, to a large extent, has been inspired by mounting scientific evidence on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding in reducing infant morbidity and mortality. Breastfeeding benefits of breastfeeding medlineplus. Breast milk has diseasefighting cells called antibodies that help. The surgeon generals call to action to support breastfeeding. Breastfeeding provides ideal nutrition despite any social or economic disadvantages that may exist for the child. Materials and methods operational definition of exclusive breastfeeding. Members of the working group on infant and young child. Who exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development. Pdf exclusive breastfeeding policy, practice and influences in south africa, 1980 to 2018. As stated in the global strategy on infant and young child feeding pdf, 192kb. Questioning current definitions for breastfeeding research. Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and. Researchers and clinicians categorize breastfeeding as either full or partial.
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